Fake news is any information that is deliberately or accidentally misinformative or untrue, often published with the intention of misleading the public, damaging an entity, or gaining financially.

Although ‘fake news’ was not a term most people were familiar with even a few years ago, it has since become infamous and was in fact named the 2017 word of the year. It is not a new phenomenon, with evidence of fake news found as early as the 1700s, when George Washington wrote that he left public office due to the false writings in newspapers by “infamous scribblers”. However, the digital age has caused fake news to spread with greater ease through social media platforms, leading to disastrous effects for organisations and nations around the world, such as causing corporations to lose profit, deepening social divisions along racial or religious lines, and hampering the democratic process.

In Singapore, recognition of the potential consequences of fake news led to the formation of the Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods in early 2018. The Chairman of the Media Literacy Council submitted a written representation to the Select Committee on Deliberate Online Falsehoods, stressing the importance of having an informed public that is able to detect, decode, and debunk fake news. Here are some tips to help you achieve just that.

What are examples of fake news?

Propaganda created to influence public perceptions
Falsely stating negative things about the character of a person or entity
Manipulation of images or videos to create a false narrative
News that is fabricated and has no factual grounding
Advertisements trying to gain profit by lying about their costs
Advertisements that appear to have been created by news outlets

Why is it dangerous to spread fake news?

Baseless fear is stirred in the public
Resources are wasted as the authorities check the validity of claims
Reputations are hurt when false allegations are made
Innocents lose money to scams
Social divisions are deepened, potentially causing social disharmony
Threat to democracy, such as through influencing and rigging an election

How can I spot fake news?

Check the source: try find your news from credible sources that have a good reputation, not just through your friends or social media
Look at the ‘About us’ or ‘Contact us’ pages: websites with the intent to mislead often don’t have these pages, or have very little helpful information on them
Be sceptical of dramatic headlines: headlines that are particularly dramatic are probably exaggerating something, so be sure to double check these
Look up the language: if an article has lots of spelling or grammatical errors, it likely has not been rigorously checked by the news source
Confirm with other reliable sources: check other news sites to see if the same story is running on multiple credible sources
Go to the experts: websites such as Snopes, Factually, and FactCheck have teams who verify whether popular news stories are true or fake

I have gotten fake news. What should I do?

Do not share or forward it
Where possible, inform the source in case it was an accident, e.g., tell the friend who sent it to you or send a message to the website that posted the story

Tips for Seniors on Dealing with Fake News

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